No need for long commands or extra wrapper scripts. If your Terraform module is in a private Git repository, to use that repo as a module source, you need to give Terraform a way to authenticate to that Git repository. 2021.04.20 Special Executive Session Agenda. Once you start using them, theres no going back. All your code is versioned. 335 S. Springfield Ave. in the Free Press Plaza, PO Box 330 Bolivar, MO 65613 Phone: to the wrong AWS account while deploying this codee.g., so you dont accidentally deploy changes intended for Moreover, you will often use multiple modules from the Infrastructure as Code Library, Within each account, there will be one or more regions (e.g., in AWS, us-east-1, eu-west-1, etc). In about a day. You can specify in mysql/terragrunt.hcl: You can now run validate on this config before the vpc module is applied because Terragrunt will use the map {vpc_id = "temporary-dummy-id"} as the outputs attribute on the dependency instead of erroring out. This parameter allows you to pull in a specific version of Next, create a new top-level folder called modules, and move all of the files from stage/services/webserver-cluster to modules/services/webserver-cluster. Note: During execution of destroy command, Terragrunt will try to find all dependent modules and show a confirmation prompt with a list of all detected dependencies, because once resources will be destroyed, any commands on dependent modules will fail with missing dependencies. And some terragrunt . ", description = "The number of NAT Gateways to launch for this VPC. Tests your changes locally. This includes utility service, special events applications, business licenses, building permits and park reservations. I have an example below. Landing Zone guide). To use a module in your Terraform templates, create a module resource and set its source field to the Git URL of sources). rather than just one at a time. You can also specify dependencies explicitly. This is important because (a) Terraform applications, but also a mgmt environment, which contains a separate VPC for running DevOps tooling (e.g., an OpenVPN Kubernetes or ECS, MySQL or Postgres, and so on. heres the variables.tf for vpc-app). For example, with the aws_security_group_resource, you can define ingress and egress rules using either inline blocks (e.g., ingress { }) or separate aws_security_group_rule resources. Instead of using input variables, you can define these as local values in a locals block: Local values allow you to assign a name to any Terraform expression and to use that name throughout the module. In the previous post, you deployed architecture that looks like this: This works great as a first environment, but you typically need at least two environments: one for your teams internal testing (staging) and one that real users can access (production). You can use the mock_outputs_allowed_terraform_commands attribute to indicate that the mock_outputs should only be used when running those Terraform commands. Automated tests for infrastructure code will spin up and For example, one team might want to use your module to deploy a single Instance of their microservice with no load balancer, whereas another might want a dozen Instances of their microservice with a load balancer to distribute traffic between those Instances. You can deploy the production environment by creating an analogous To be able to deploy multiple Terraform modules in a single command, add a terragrunt.hcl file to each module: Now you can go into the root folder and deploy all the modules within it by using the run-all command with Lets say you made some changes to the webserver-cluster module, and you want to test them out in staging. The easiest way to create a versioned module is to put the code for the module in a separate Git repository and to set the source parameter to that repositorys URL. Introduction. There may also be a way through and leaving all sorts of infrastructure still running. Modules are updated after every successful push command, even if this leads to the module being invalidated. See the section on Configuration parsing order for more information. This is similar to the testing-backend.hcl used in manual testing. When you find an update youd like for a specific module, update any code using that module in More recently, he led the effort to upgrade all of the modules in the Gruntwork IaC Library to be compatible with Terraform 0.12. Figuring this Ex: If module A depends on module B and module B hasnt been applied yet, then run-all plan will show the plan for B, but exit with an error when trying to show the plan for A. Please see LICENSE.txt for details on how the code in this repo is licensed. pull the latest version of this module from this repo before runnin gthe standard terraform plan and The code above will ONLY allow you to run it with a specific Terraform version. Head over to the examples folder for examples. In Part 2, you got started with the basic syntax and features of Terraform and used them to deploy a cluster of web servers on AWS. Run terraform get -update to infrastructure-modules/networking/vpc-app/main.tf, infrastructure-modules/networking/vpc-app/variables.tf, infrastructure-modules/networking/vpc-app/outputs.tf, infrastructure-modules/networking/vpc-app/testing/terraform.tfvars, infrastructure-modules/networking/vpc-app/testing/backend.hcl, infrastructure-modules/test/vpc_app_test.go, infrastructure-modules/networking/vpc-app/staging/terraform.tfvars, infrastructure-modules/networking/vpc-app/staging/backend.hcl, infrastructure-live/staging/terragrunt.hcl, infrastructure-live/staging/us-east-2/stage/vpc-app/terragrunt.hcl, # The AWS region in which all resources will be created, # Require a 2.x version of the AWS provider, # Only these AWS Account IDs may be operated on by this template, allowed_account_ids = [var.aws_account_id], description = "The AWS region in which all resources will be created", description = "The ID of the AWS Account in which to create resources. You can install the scripts and binaries in the modules folder of any repo using the Gruntwork CLI arguments are DRY. To get access to a collection of reusable, battle-tested, commercially supported Terraform modules that have been proven in production at dozens of companies, check out the Gruntwork . For example, you can create a new file in stage/services/webserver-cluster/main.tf and use the webserver-cluster module in it as follows: You can then reuse the exact same module in the production environment by creating a new prod/services/webserver-cluster/main.tf file with the following contents: And there you have it: code reuse in multiple environments that involves minimal duplication. cloud provider. For example, here is how you do it for the ALB security group: Notice how the name parameter is set to ${var.cluster_name}-alb. modules: This folder contains the main implementation code for this Module, broken down into multiple standalone submodules. You can now make use of this module in the staging environment. Example: '10.100.0.0/16'. You do this using the same process outlined in Deploying Terraform code. To address this, you can provide mock outputs to use when a module hasnt been applied yet. So using solely separate resources makes your module more flexible and configurable. For example, you might not want to use the defaults for a plan operation because the plan doesnt give you any indication of what is actually going to be created. team and all your CI servers to 0.12.7. How do you do conditional statements in Terraform? To solve this issue, you can use an expression known as a path reference, which is of the form path. Click on each module above to see its documentation. in the modules/ecs-scripts folder of the https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terraform-aws-ecs repo, you could install them To deploy such an environment, youd have to manually run terraform apply in each of the subfolder, wait for it to complete, and then run terraform apply in the next subfolder. If the module depends on the outputs of another module that hasnt been applied yet, you wont be able to compute the inputs unless the dependencies are all applied. At Gruntwork, we've taken the thousands of hours we spent building infrastructure on AWS and testing best practices section. Your entire infrastructure. Parts of our website are under construction. out our guide for deploying a production-grade VPC. Terragrunt is a thin wrapper for Terraform that provides extra tools for keeping your Terraform configurations DRY, working with multiple Terraform modules, and managing remote state. No more copy/pasting values, no more manually setting. Execute Terraform commands on multiple modules at once, "git::git@github.com:acme/infrastructure-modules.git//networking/vpc?ref=v0.0.1", Promote immutable, versioned Terraform modules across environments, Achieve DRY Terraform code and immutable infrastructure, Important gotcha: working with relative file paths, DRY common Terraform code with Terragrunt generate blocks, Filling in remote state settings with Terragrunt, Create remote state and locking resources automatically, Using include to DRY common Terragrunt config, Using exposed includes to override common configurations, Using read_terragrunt_config to DRY parent configurations, Configuring Terragrunt to assume an IAM role, Use-case: I use locals or dependencies in terragrunt.hcl, and the terraform output isnt what I expected, The short version: how to use lock files with Terragrunt, The long version: details of how Terragrunt handles lock files, The problem with mixing remote Terraform configurations in Terragrunt and lock files, terragrunt-fetch-dependency-output-from-state, terragrunt-use-partial-parse-config-cache, get_terraform_commands_that_need_parallelism, A note about using modules from the registry, for_each to call terraform module multiple times, Option 2: for_each attribute in terragrunt config that generates multiple copies of the config, Option 3: scaffolding tool that code gens live config using a template, (read_terragrunt_config) Keeping remote state configuration DRY, (read_terragrunt_config) Reusing dependencies, (import block) Hierarchical variables included across multiple terragrunt.hcl files, (import block) Keeping remote state configuration DRY, Single terragrunt.hcl file per environment, (single file) Keeping remote state configuration DRY, Move from terraform.tfvars to terragrunt.hcl. I have a modules repo that contains some "standard" terraform modules. This is most problematic when running commands that do not modify state (e.g run-all plan and run-all validate) on a completely new setup where no infrastructure has been deployed. Terragrunt is a thin wrapper that provides extra tools for keeping your configurations DRY, working with multiple Terraform modules, and managing remote state. You can avoid the prompt by using --terragrunt-non-interactive. VPCs by, for example, launching EC2 instances in various subnets and making sure that connections between some subnets If youre not using GitHub, you can use the Git CLI: Now you can use this versioned module in both staging and production by specifying a Git URL in the source parameter. the definitive guide to AWS, so youre in good hands. For background information, check out the Keep your Terraform code DRY section of the Terragrunt documentation.. be a _global folder that defines resources that are available across all the regions in this account, such as If both your staging and production environment are pointing to the same module folder, as soon as you make a change in that folder, it will affect both environments on the very next deployment. you can deploy infrastructure without affecting any other environments (especially production!). He is the implementer and maintainer of the EKS and Kubernetes Terraform modules that are a part of the Gruntwork IaC Library. You No versioning or easy rollback. You can find all the required and and running: When youre done testing, clean up by running: You may also want to create automated tests for your module. As an example, lets turn the code in stage/services/webserver-cluster, which includes an Auto Scaling Group (ASG), Application Load Balancer (ALB), security groups, and many other resources, into a reusable module. modules: This folder contains the main implementation code for this Module, broken down into multiple standalone submodules. The terragrunt.hcl in the root of each account defines the backend settings for that account (including special For example, consider the following terragrunt.hcl file: If you run terragrunt run-all apply --terragrunt-source /source/infrastructure-modules, then the local path Terragrunt will compute for the module above will be /source/infrastructure-modules//networking/vpc. Create dashboards and alerts as code. vpc-app. To make modules work for multiple teams, the Terraform code in those modules must be flexible and configurable. was increased (e.g., v0.6.0 v0.7.0), that implies a backwards incompatible change, and the release notes will Gruntwork docs files plus a set of tools to auto-generate a docs website from package markdown files. Because youve updated your Terraform code to use a versioned module URL, you need to instruct Terraform to download the module code by rerunning terraform init: This time, you can see that Terraform downloads the module code from Git rather than your local filesystem. ","imageUrl":"cloudwatch.png","licenseType":"subscriber","technologies":["Terraform","Bash"],"compliance":[],"tags":[""]},"serviceCategoryName":"Monitoring & alerting","fileName":"README.md","filePath":"","title":"Repo Browser: CloudWatch","description":"Browse the repos in the Gruntwork Infrastructure as Code Library."}. ", description = "The CIDR blocks of the public subnets", value = module.vpc.public_subnet_cidr_blocks, output "private_app_subnet_cidr_blocks" {, description = "The CIDR blocks of the private app subnets", value = module.vpc.private_app_subnet_cidr_blocks, output "private_persistence_subnet_cidr_blocks" {, description = "The CIDR blocks of the private persistence subnets", value = module.vpc.private_persistence_subnet_cidr_blocks, description = "The IDs of the public subnets", value = module.vpc.public_subnet_ids, description = "The IDs of the private app subnets", value = module.vpc.private_app_subnet_ids, output "private_persistence_subnet_ids" {, description = "The IDs of the private persistence subnets", value = module.vpc.private_persistence_subnet_ids, key = "manual-testing/ See the test folder for details. Please see LICENSE.txt for details on how the code in this repo is licensed.Tests
\nLicense
\n
How do you use a module?
\nMost of our modules contain either:
\n- \n
- Terraform code \n
- Scripts & binaries \n
Using a Terraform Module
\nTo use a module in your Terraform templates, create a module resource and set its source field to the Git URL of\nthis repo. Fix the bug, release a new version, and repeat the entire process again until you have something stable enough for production. Deploy your changes to each environment. are versioned using Semantic Versioning to allow Gruntwork clients to keep up to date with the is a pre 1.0.0 tool, so even patch version number bumps (e.g., 0.12.6 0.12.7) are sometimes backwards multiple tests to run in parallel (e.g., on your computer, your teammates computers, CI servers) without running staging/us-east-2/stage/vpc-app/terragrunt.hcl might look like: To deploy vpc-app in staging, you do the following: When you run this command, Terragrunt will: Checkout the infrastructure-modules repo at version v0.0.1 into a scratch directory. deployment guides, or have Gruntwork If you wish to use exclude dependencies from being destroyed, add the --terragrunt-ignore-external-dependencies flag, or use the --terragrunt-exclude-dir once for each directory you wish to exclude. By default, Terraform interprets the path relative to the current working directory. Yori is a Principal Engineer at Gruntwork. Having these magical values hardcoded in multiple places makes the code more difficult to read and maintain. Lets say your infrastructure is defined across multiple Terraform modules: There is one module to deploy a frontend-app, another to deploy a backend-app, another for the MySQL database, and so on. I am using the preferred layout as described in terraform up and running. network-load-balancer is used to create an External TCP/UDP Load Balancer. First, youd commit those changes to the modules repo: Next, you would create a new tag in the modules repo: And now you can update just the source URL used in the staging environment (live/ stage/services/webserver-cluster/main.tf) to use this new version: In production (live/prod/services/webserver-cluster/main.tf), you can happily continue to run v0.0.1 unchanged: After v0.0.2 has been thoroughly tested and proven in staging, you can then update production, too. examples: This folder contains examples of how to use the submodules. A Nomad cluster typically includes a small number of server nodes, which are responsible for being part of the consensus protocol, and a larger number of client nodes . Run terraform init in the scratch directory, configuring the backend to the values in the root terragrunt.hcl. for_each to call terraform module multiple times. Before you run the apply command on this code, be aware that there is a problem with the webserver-cluster module: all of the names are hardcoded. This is a safety measure to ensure As a first step, run terraform destroy in the stage/services/webserver-cluster to clean up any resources that you created earlier. In addition to file paths, Terraform supports other types of module sources, such as Git URLs, Mercurial URLs, and arbitrary HTTP URLs.. projects and some of those dependencies havent been applied yet. This allows If your modules have dependencies between themfor example, you cant deploy the backend-app until MySQL and redis are deployedyoull need to express those dependencies in your Terragrunt configuration as explained in the next section. Below the source URL, youll need to pass in the module-specific arguments. the graph is output in DOT format The typical program that can read this format is GraphViz, but many web services are also available to read this format. In Part 3, you saw how to manage Terraform state, file layout, isolation, and locking. cloud-nuke on a schedule to periodically clean up left-over resources in To define a scheduled action, add the following two aws_autoscaling_schedule resources to prod/services/webserver-cluster/main.tf: This code uses one aws_autoscaling_schedule resource to increase the number of servers to 10 during the morning hours (the recurrence parameter uses cron syntax, so 0 9 * * * means 9 a.m. every day) and a second aws_autoscaling_schedule resource to decrease the number of servers at night (0 17 * * * means 5 p.m. every day). After that, I'll show . From a quick glance at the code, its not clear what accounts, environments, or regions you deploy to. this might create a problem if there are a lot of modules in the dependency graph like hitting a rate limit on some The average annual earned income in Bolivar is $36566. work, and others are blocked, based on the networking settings in that VPC. For example, if you were using module-vpc at v0.7.2 and you To do that, you can add three more input variables to modules/services/webserver-cluster/variables.tf: Next, update the launch configuration in modules/services/webserver-cluster/main.tf to set its instance_type parameter to the new var.instance_type input variable: Similarly, you should update the ASG definition in the same file to set its min_size and max_size parameters to the new var.min_size and var.max_size input variables, respectively: Now, in the staging environment (stage/services/webserver-cluster/main.tf), you can keep the cluster small and inexpensive by setting instance_type to t2.micro and min_size and max_size to 2: On the other hand, in the production environment, you can use a larger instance_type with more CPU and memory, such as m4.large (be aware that this Instance type is not part of the AWS Free Tier, so if youre just using this for learning and dont want to be charged, stick with t2.micro for the instance_type), and you can set max_size to 10 to allow the cluster to shrink or grow depending on the load (dont worry, the cluster will launch with two Instances initially): Using input variables to define your modules inputs is great, but what if you need a way to define a variable in your module to do some intermediary calculation, or just to keep your code DRY, but you dont want to expose that variable as a configurable input? In the example above itll generate this graph, Note that this graph shows the dependency relationship in the direction of the arrow (top down), however terragrunt will run the action There may also main.tf. To check that youve formatted the URL correctly, try to git clone the base URL from your terminal: If that command succeeds, Terraform should be able to use the private repo, too. Put your Terragrunt configuration in a terragrunt.hcl file. well deploy the vpc-app Terraform module from module-vpc. For example, how do you avoid having to copy and paste all the code in stage/services/webserver-cluster into prod/services/webserver-cluster and all the code in stage/data-stores/mysql into prod/data-stores/mysql? passes. This is a minimal test that just makes sure your module can deploy and undeploy successfully. pinning Terraform versions. explain what you need to do (e.g., you might have to add, remove, or change arguments you pass to the module). The scratch directory can make debugging/troubleshooting tricky. In particular, you should increment the following: Semantic versioning gives you a way to communicate to users of your module what kinds of changes youve made and the implications of upgrading. You can express these dependencies in your terragrunt.hcl config files using a dependencies block. Gruntwork deploy an end-to-end CIS-compliant Reference Architecture for A particularly useful naming scheme for tags is semantic versioning. module sources for all the types of source URLs you can use). This repo is used as part of the automated tests for the terraform-update-tests script in module-ci. Now that your module has been thoroughly tested, you can deploy it to your real environments (e.g., staging and Because you dont need to do this sort of scaling in your staging environment, for the time being, you can define the auto scaling schedule directly in the production configurations (in Part 5 of this series, youll see how to conditionally define resources, which lets you move the scheduled action into the webserver-cluster module). of all updates to the Gruntwork Infrastructure as Code Library. apply: When you run this command, Terragrunt will recursively look through all the subfolders of the current working directory, find all folders with a terragrunt.hcl file, and run terragrunt apply in each of those folders concurrently. You can validate each change to a module through code reviews and automated tests, you can create semantically versioned releases of each module, and you can safely try out different versions of a module in different environments and roll back to previous versions if you hit a problem. This can be useful when you disable the backend initialization (remote_state.disable_init) in CI for example. Next, write some test code in vpc_app_test.go that looks like this: The test code above implements a minimal test that does the following: This is similar to the testing/terraform.tfvars used in manual testing. You can use the dependency block to extract the output variables to access another modules output variables in the terragrunt inputs attribute. Run terraform apply as usual, and enjoy using two separate copies of your infrastructure. _global folder that defines resources that are available across all the environments in this region. For example, in the webserver-cluster module (modules/services/webserver-cluster/ main.tf), you used inline blocks to define ingress and egress rules: With these inline blocks, a user of this module has no way to add additional ingress or egress rules from outside the module. As an exercise, I leave it up to you to add a production database similar to the staging one. You can also specify multiple dependency blocks to access multiple different module output variables. Infrastructure as Code Library is to create a wrapper module in one of your own Git repos. In fact, this is exactly how we created the Gruntwork Infrastructure as Code Library, which mostly consists of Terraform modules that provide a simple interface for complicated infrastructure such as VPCs, Kubernetes clusters, and Auto Scaling Groups, complete with semantic versioning, documentation, automated tests, and commercial support.
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