[9], In 1729, Liguori left his family home and took up residence at the Chinese Institute in Naples. 1. If civil courts could not decide against a defendant on greater probability, but had to wait, as a criminal court must wait, for moral certainty, many actions would never be decided at all. The Saint Alphonsus de Liguori Collection [30 Books] In 1749, the Rule and Institute of men were approved by Pope Benedict XIV, and in 1750, the Rule and Institute of the nuns. St Alphonsus Mary Liguori and Prayer. Today I would like to present to you the figure of a holy Doctor of the Church to whom we are deeply indebted because he was an outstanding moral theologian and a teacher of spiritual . Stay up to date with the latest news, information, and special offers. In the year 1747, King Charles of Naples wished to make Alphonsus Archbishop of Palermo, and it was only by the most earnest entreaties that he was able to escape. Alphonsus, assisted by divine grace, did not disappoint his father's care. [5] He founded the Evening Chapels, which were managed by the young people themselves. Description [ edit] The book was written at a time when some were criticizing Marian devotions, and was written in part as a defense of Marian devotion. The crisis arose in this way. Now the saint has a very great momentum indeed, and a spoiled saint is often a great villain. Alphonsus said nothing in his "Moral Theology" which is not the common teaching of Catholic theologians. This has recently been translated into English with additions and corrections (Dublin, 2 vols., royal SVO); DUMORTIER, Les premihres Redemptoristines (Lille, 1886), and Le Phre Antoine-Marie Tannoia (Paris, 1902), contain some useful information; as does BERRUTI, Lo Spirito di S. Alfonso Maria de Liguori, 3 ed. In addition, he published many editions of compendiums of his larger work, such as the "Homo Apostolicus", made in 1759. Very few remarks upon his own times occur in the Saint's letters. St. Alphonsus appeared a miracle of calm to Tannoia. The extreme difficulty of the lifelong work of fashioning a saint consists precisely in this, that every act of virtue the saint performs goes to strengthen his character, that is, his will. APA citation. a special feature of his method was the return of the missionaries, after an interval of some months, to the scene of their labours to consolidate their work by what was called the "renewal of a mission.". He knew how to reach ordinary people who had limited education and very real needs. Holy Name of Jesus & St. Alphonsus Liguori | The Eucharistic Miracle at Alphonsus Liguori | Saints Resource The third book deals with the Ten Commandments, the fourth with the monastic and clerical states, and the duties of judges, advocates, doctors, merchants, and others. Life of St Alphonsus and the Holy Eucharist | EWTN Prayer to Jesus Christ to Obtain His Holy Love - I Am Jesus An Act of Spiritual CommunionA Daily Catholic Prayer - Learn Religions The German life, DILGSKRON, Leben des heiligen Bischofs und Kirchenlehrers, Alfonsus Maria de Liguori (New York, 1887), is scholarly and accurate. Brown Scapular Miracles St. Alphonsus, after publishing anonymously (in 1749 and 1755) two treatises advocating the right to follow the less probable opinion, in the end decided against that lawfulness, and in case of doubt only allowed freedom from obligation where the opinions for and against the law were equal or nearly equal. Miraculous Stories of the Blessed Virgin Mary : Saint Alphonsus De His spirituality was both affective and active, centered above all on the Passion of Jesus Christ as the principal sign of our Savior's love for us. He lived his first years as a priest with the homeless and the marginalized youth of Naples. In 1762, there was no escape and he was constrained by formal obedience to the Pope to accept the Bishopric of St. Agatha of the Goths, a very small Neapolitan diocese lying a few miles off the road from Naples to Capua. Alphonsus wrote profusely on moral, theological, and ascetical subjects [notably his Moral Theology], was constantly engaged in combating anticlericalism and Jansenism, and was involved in several controversies over . It will be remembered that even as a young man his chief distress at his breakdown in court was the fear that his mistake might be ascribed to deceit. St. Alphonsus likened the conflict between law and liberty to a civil action in which the law has the onus probandi, although greater probabilities give it a verdict. To prevent the ship going to pieces on the rocks, it has need of a very responsive rudder, answering to the slightest pressure of Divine guidance. Alphonsus suffers great interior trials. Traditional Stations of the Cross by St. Alphonsus Liguori The difficulty about strong wills and strong passions is that they are hard to tame, but when they are tamed they are the raw material of sanctity. [12], He was beatified on 15 September 1816 by Pope Pius VII and canonized on 26 May 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI.[13][14]. Many Miracles are wrought through the intercession of Alphonsus. For six years he laboured in and around Naples, giving missions for the Propaganda and preaching to the lazzaroni of the capital. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Paul T. Crowley. I therefore repeat: If the divine teaching authority of the Church, and the obedience to it, are rejected, every error will be endorsed and must be tolerated. Resuming the General Audiences after the summer break the last was held on 27 June in the Vatican the Pope . MLA citation. The priest was Alphonsus. The traditional Stations of the Cross were written by St. Alphonsus Liguori, a bishop and Doctor of the Church, in 1761. In a civil action a serious preponderance of evidence gives one side the case. Its goal was to teach and preach in the slums of cities and other poor places. The English translation of the work is projected to be around 5 volumes. (Rome, 1905). Courts, you shall never see me more." Saint Alphonsus Liguori | EWTN Feast Day: August 1. In 1762 Pope Clement XIII made him bishop of Sant Agata del Goti near Naples; he resigned in 1775 because of ill health. Naples had been part of the dominions of Spain since 1503, but in 1708 when Alphonsus was twelve years old, it was conquered by Austria during the war of the Spanish Succession. Patron saint of: people with arthritis, lawyers, vocations. St. Alphonsus appeared a miracle of calm to Tannoia. His father opposed the plan, but after two months (and with his Oratorian confessor's permission), he and his father compromised: he would study for the priesthood, but not as an Oratorian, and would live at home. St. Alphonsus tell us: "Modern heretics make a mockery of wearing the Scapular, they decry it as so much trifling nonsense." Yet many of the popes have approved and recommended it. Don Joseph agreed to allow his son to become a priest, provided he would give up his proposal joining the Oratory, and would continue to live at home. Alphonsus was a devoted friend of the Society of Jesus and its long persecution by the Bourbon Courts, ending in its suppression in 1773, filled him with grief. In the minutes it was In 1723, he decided to offer himself as a novice to the Oratory of St. Philip Neri with the intention of becoming a priest. He finally agreed to become a priest but to live at home as a member of a group of secular missionaries. Don Joseph de' Liguori had his faults. Cardinals Spinelli, Sersale, and Orsini; Popes Benedict XIV, Clement XIII, Clement XIV, and Pius VI, to each of whom Alphonsus dedicated a volume of his works. In early manhood he became very fond of the opera, but only that he might listen to the music, for when the curtain went up he took his glasses off, so as not to see the players distinctly. The eighteenth century was not an age remarkable for depth of spiritual life, yet it produced three of the greatest missionaries of the Church, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, St. Paul of the Cross, and St. Alphonsus Liguori. Alphonsus was preaching missions in the rural areas and writing. A voice said "This is he whom I have chosen to be head of My Institute, the Prefect General of a new Congregation of men who shall work for My glory." It was all-important to the Fathers to be able to rebut the charge of being an illegal religious congregation, which was one of the chief allegations in the ever-adjourned and ever-impending action by Baron Sarnelli. His own prayer was perhaps for the most part what some call "active", others "ordinary", contemplation. He said himself that he was so small at the time as to be almost buried in his doctor's gown and that all the spectators laughed. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Alfonso-Maria-de-Liguori, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of St. Alphonsus Liguori. His sermons were very effective at converting those who had been alienated from their faith. He was a born leader of men. Omissions? The Saint's own letters are of extreme value in supplementing Tannoia. Alphonsus was the oldest of seven children, raised by a devout mother of Spanish descent. He called his system Equiprobabilism. In 1723 there was a lawsuit in the courts between a Neapolitan nobleman, whose name has not come down to us, and the Grand Duke of Tuscany, in which property valued at 500,000 ducats, that to say, $500,000 or 100,000 pounds, was at stake. Dissension within the congregation culminated in 1777 when he was deceived into signing what he thought was a royal sanction for his rule. Even if there be some exaggeration in this, for it is not in an advocate's power always to be on the winning side, the tradition shows that he was extraordinarily able and successful. One of the most widely read Catholic authors, he is the patron saint of confessors. At his General Audience, 30 March 2011, in St. Peter's Square, the Holy Father presented Saint Alphonsus Liguori, Doctor of the Church. We're not salespeople, but we depend on donations averaging $14.76 and fewer than 1% of readers give. Entdecke ST. ROSE VON LIMA, SCHWESTER MARY ALPHONSUS katholisches heiliges Buch in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! The Saint had four houses, but during his lifetime it not only became impossible in the Kingdom of Naples to get any more, but even the barest toleration for those he had could scarcely be obtained. The cause of this was "regalism", the omnipotence of kings even in matters spiritual, which was the system of government in Naples as in all the Bourbon States. His works have gone through several thousand editions and have been translated into more than 60 languages. When he was preparing for the priesthood in Naples, his masters were of the rigid school, for though the center of Jansenistic disturbance was in northern Europe, no shore was so remote as not to feel the ripple of its waves. Corrections? Alphonsus Liguori. His best plan would have been to consult the Holy See, but in this he had been forestalled. He could never have said Mass again had not an Augustinian prior shown him how to support himself on a chair so that with the assistance of an acolyte he could raise the chalice to his lips. There are two Sunday services, one at 8:15 and the second at 11. From his earliest years he had an anxious fear about committing sin which passed at times into scruple. Miracles - Devotion to Our Lady The chapels were centres of prayer and piety, preaching, community, social activities, and education. Pope Benedict XIV gave his approval for the men's congregation in 1749 and for the women's in 1750. Even its Rule was made known to her. When we cannot make it to daily Mass, however, we can still make an Act of Spiritual Communion. On 6 April, 1726, he was ordained deacon, and soon after preached his first sermon. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (the Redemptorists). Castle, Harold. Federal Tax Identification Number: 81-0596847. Educated at the University of Naples, Alphonsus received his doctorate at the age of sixteen. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99 Born at Marianella, near Naples, 27 September, 1696; died at Nocera de' Pagani, 1 August, 1787. He was also a poet and musician. The foundation of all subsequent lives is the Della vita ed istituto del venerabile Alfonso Maria Liguori, of ANTONY TANNOIA, one of the great biographies of literature. Alphonsus Mary Antony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori was born in his father's country house at Marianella near Naples, on Tuesday, 27 September, 1696. Liguori suffered from scruples much of his adult life and felt guilty about the most minor issues relating to sin. If we except a few poems published in 1733 (the Saint was born in 1696), his first work, a tiny volume called "Visits to the Blessed Sacrament", only appeared in 1744 or 1745, when he was nearly fifty years old. With their aid, Aiphonsus founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer on November 9, 1732. The foundation faced immediate problems, and after just one year, Alphonsus found himself with only one lay brother, his other companions having left to form their own religious group. It is a matter for friendly controversy, but it seems there was a real difference, though not as great in practice as is supposed, between the Saint's later teaching and that current in the Society. In case things became hopeless in Naples, he looked to these houses to maintain the Rule and Institute. Feast day: August 1. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. St. Alphonsus Liguori. He had a tender charity towards all who were in trouble; he would go to any length to try to save a vocation; he would expose himself to death to prevent sin. [5] He remarked later that he was so small at the time that he was almost buried in his doctor's gown and that all the spectators laughed. So many times I have sinned, but I repent sincerely because I love you. In the eight years of his career as advocate, years crowded with work, he is said never to have lost a case. But in spite of his infirmities both Clement XIII (1758-69) and Clement XIV (1769-74) obliged Alphonsus to remain at his post. Contact information. Theabbot of that monastery soon after visited it, and attempted to reform it, but he didnot succeed; and one day he saw a great number of demons entering the cells of all thenuns except that of Jane, for the heavenly mother, before whose image he saw herpraying, banished them from that. In 1780, a crisis arose in which they did this, yet in such a way as to bring division in the Congregation and extreme suffering and disgrace upon its founder. In addition his father made him practice the harpsichord for three hours a day, and at the age of thirteen he played with the perfection of a master. Key Concepts; Teachings; Visions; Search Revelations . He founded the congregation with the charism of preaching popular missions in the city and the countryside. At all events, it proved disastrous in the result. Dignity and Duties of the Priest, Eugene Grimm ed., Benziger Brothers, New York, 1889, Free scores by Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki), "St Alphonsus", St. Alphonsus on Catholic Online, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphonsus_Liguori&oldid=1141126599, Founders of Catholic religious communities, 18th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops, 18th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles containing Neapolitan-language text, Articles containing Italian-language text, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bishop, Moral Theologian, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 13:49. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. Filingeri, was made Archbishop of Naples, the Saint would not write to congratulate the new primate, even at the risk of making another powerful enemy for his persecuted Congregation, because he thought he could not honestly say he "was glad to hear of the appointment." St. Alphonsus Liguori, in full Saint Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Alphonsus also spelled Alfonso, (born September 27, 1696, Marianella, Kingdom of Naples [Italy]died August 1, 1787, Pagani; canonized 1839; feast day August 1), Italian doctor of the church, one of the chief 18th-century moral theologians, and founder of the Redemptorists, a congregation dedicated primarily to parish and foreign missions. Ever mindful of his own sins, Saint Alphonsus saw prayer for the faithful departed as one of the chief duties of Christian charity. Then God called him to his life work. If any reader of this article will go to original sources and study the Saint's life at greater length, he will not find his labour thrown away. A prolific writer, he published nine editions of his Moral Theology in his lifetime, in addition to other devotional and ascetic works and letters. Though a good dogmatic theologian--a fact which has not been sufficiently recognized--he was not a metaphysician like the great scholastics. Catholic Encyclopedia. St. Alphonsus Liguori Born at Marianella, near Naples, 27 September, 1696; died at Nocera de' Pagani, 1 August, 1787. Twelve years, however, still separated him from his reward, years for the most part not of peace but of greater afflictions than any which had yet befallen him. There are many editions of the Saint's Moral Theology; the best and latest is that of P. GAUDI, C.SS.R. A piece of evidence was handed to him which he had read and re-read many times, but always in a sense the exact contrary of that which he now saw it to have. Shrines were built there and at St. Agatha of the Goths. (Rome, 1896). Alphonsus was one of the leading counsel; we do not know on which side. Falcoia, hearing of this, begged his friend to give a retreat to the nuns of his Conservatorium at the same time. When the day came the future Saint made a brilliant opening speech and sat down confident of victory. Saint Alphonsus Liguori | Biography, Contributions, & Facts He both made and kept a vow not to lose a single moment of time. Under the government of the Marquis della Sambuca, who, though a great regalist, was a personal friend of the Saint's, there was promise of better times, and in August, 1779, Alphonsus's hopes were raised by the publication of a royal decree allowing him to appoint superiors in his Congregation and to have a novitiate and house of studies. The dissensions even spread to the nuns, and Sister Maria Celeste herself left Scala and founded a convent at Foggia, where she died in the odour of sanctity, 14 September, 1755. St. Alphonsus Liguori - Blessed Are They - U.S. Catholic So indeed it proved. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. He died peacefully on August 1,1787, at Nocera di Pagani, near Naples as the Angelus was ringing. After 1752 Alphonsus gave fewer missions. Tannoia was born about 1724 and entered the Redemptorist Congregation in 1746. Imprimatur. St. Alphonsus Liguori's prayer to Jesus Christ to obtain His holy love comes from the "Rule of Life", a guide for growing in holiness. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the tradition of praying the stations of the cross began to develop. Perhaps in any case the submission of their Rule to a suspicious and even hostile civil power was a mistake. Liguori wrote 111 works on spirituality and theology. But how was Alphonsus to grow in this so necessary virtue when he was in authority nearly all his life? The Saint's complete dogmatic works have been translated into Latin by P. WALTER, C.SS.R., S. Alphonsi Mariae de Liguori Ecclesiae Doctoris Opera Dogmatica, (New York, 1903, 2 vols., 4to). Although there are many modern . Castle, H. (1907). St. Alphonsus Liguori was a bishop and moral theologian living and preaching in Naples in the eighteenth century. Daily Readings for Friday, March 03, 2023, St. Katharine Drexel: Saint of the Day for Friday, March 03, 2023, Lenten Prayer: Prayer of the Day for Monday, February 27, 2023. Transcription. More than once he faced assassination unmoved. (27 September 1696 - 1 August 1787), was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. [2] Moreover, he heard an interior voice saying: "Leave the world, and give yourself to me."[5]. It would be a sacrilege to say otherwise." The differentia of saints is not faultlessness but driving-power, a driving-power exerted in generous self-sacrifice and ardent love of God. He was fervent about using common words in . Quite recently, a duet composed by him, between the Soul and God, was found in the British Museum bearing the date 1760 and containing a correction in his own handwriting. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Canonized: May 26, 1839. His infirmities were increasing, and he was occupied a good deal with his writings. The suffering which this brought on Alphonsus, with his sensitive and high-strung disposition, was very great, besides what was worse, the relaxation of discipline and loss of vocations which it caused in the Order itself. He often writes as a Neapolitan to Neapolitans. They also fought Jansenism, a heresy that preached an excessive moral rigorism: "the penitents should be treated as souls to be saved rather than as criminals to be punished". This Novena for the Holy Souls in Purgatory was written by St. Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787), a bishop and founder of the Redemptorist order, and one of the Doctors of the Church. In 1732, while he was staying at the Convent of the Consolation, one of his order's houses in the small city of Deliceto in the province of Foggia in Southeastern Italy, Liguori wrote the Italian carol "Tu scendi dalle stelle" ("From Starry Skies Descending") in the musical style of a pastorale. In 1734, however, it was reconquered by Don Carlos, the young Duke of Parma, great-grandson of Louis XIV, and the independent Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was established. R. Except in '45, in all of these, down to the first shot fired at Lexington, the English-speaking world was on one side and the Bourbon States, including Naples, on the other. In liturgical art he is depicted as bent over with rheumatism or as a young priest. [4] He was ordained on 21 December 1726, at the age of 30. The result of the retreat to the nuns was that the young priest, who before had been prejudiced by reports in Naples against the proposed new Rule, became its firm supporter, and even obtained permission from the Bishop of Scala for the change. He was born Alphonsus Marie Antony John Cosmos Damien Michael Gaspard de Liguori on September 27,1696, at Marianella, near Naples, Italy. With the aid of two laymen, Peter Barbarese, a schoolmaster, and Nardone, an old soldier, both of whom he converted from an evil life, he enrolled thousands of lazzaroni in a sort of confraternity called the "Association of the Chapels", which exists to this day. What are Revelations? It may be he was even too anxious, and on one occasion when he was over-whelmed by a fresh refusal, his friend the Marquis Brancone, Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs and a man of deep piety, said to him gently: "It would seem as if you placed all your trust here below"; on which the Saint recovered his peace of mind. He was now free, subject to the approval of the Bishop of Scala, to act with regard to the convent as he thought best. His austerities were rigorous, and he suffered daily the pain from rheumatism that was beginning to deform his body. "[17][18], Liguori's greatest contribution to the Catholic Church was in the area of moral theology. This was to be a momentous revolution for Alphonsus. In 1731, while he was ministering to earthquake victims in the town of Foggia, Alphonsus said he had a vision of the Virgin Mother in the appearance of a young girl of 13 or 14, wearing a white veil. Suddenly he found himself surrounded by a mysterious light; the house seemed to rock, and an interior voice said: "Leave the world and give thyself to Me." A final attempt to gain the royal approval, which seemed as if at last it had been successful, led to the crowning sorrow of Alphonsus's life: the division and apparent ruin of his Congregation and the displeasure of the Holy See. It is true that theologians even of the broadest school are agreed that, when an opinion in favour of the law is so much more probable as to amount practically to moral certainty, the less probable opinion cannot be followed, and some have supposed that St. Alphonsus meant no more than this by his terminology. The basic elements of an Act of Spiritual Communion are an Act of Faith, an Act of Love, a desire to receive Christ, and an . CARDINAL CAPECELATRO has also written a life of the Saint, La Vita di Sant' Alfonso Maria de Liguori (Rome, 2 vols.). St. Alphonsus Liguori | EWTN The Vicar General, Monsignor Onorati drew up the minutes of the diocesan trial which lasted two years from 1772 to 1774. On 28 August, 1723, the young advocate had gone to perform a favourite act of charity by visiting the sick in the Hospital for Incurables.
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