13 In it, and more specifically, in the part of the book devoted to the theory and methodology of translation, Kakridis discussed intralingual translation and its attendant problems . . We offer a diverse selection of courses from leading universities and cultural institutions from around the world. Un article de la revue Meta (Volume 54, numro 4, dcembre 2009, p. 643-890) diffuse par la plateforme rudit. The omissions, additions, restructuring, etc. FutureLearn uses cookies to enhance your experience of the website. Parents and primary teachers ask pupils to learn and recite the texts, which are difficult even for adults. Old and complex expressions are replaced by simpler contemporary ones. To get a feel for it, look at the following dialogue: Policeman: There. Man kan ikke blindt oversaette kildesprog til modtagersprog uden at forstyrre den oprindelige mening. The disturbances mentioned are under these two condition such as: interlingual interference (also known as transfer between languages) and intralingual interference (also known as transfer in one. The version for very small children which is analysed is based on an English-language version (The Beginners Bible) and in the case of the New Testament in everyday Danish, the translators state in its preface that they have consulted several new foreign versions, especially The Living Bible in English, but that the Danish translation is considerably closer to the source text than the former. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Editor-in-Chief Guangxi University and Tsinghua University, China, Comparative Textology and English Translation of Chinese Classics, Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. That is, strategies applied within interlingual translation today in accordance with the skopos of the translation brief (e.g., a certain amount of restructuring or reduction) may 20 years ago have been considered unacceptable and beyond the tools available to translation proper. Usually, transliteration handles only Out-Of-Vocabulary . In spite of the highly influential texts of Jakobson and Steiner and in spite of their claim of close affinity between interlingual and intralingual translation, translation studies often excludes intralingual translation either deliberately or de facto. Here the source text can be described in words and then 'translated' into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. The discipline concerned with issues related to the production of translations is called translation studies. A few years later, the novel was developed into a film which was directed by Hou Xiaoxian (, a famous director from Taiwan. When we translate, we are not just describing an object or activity with different words and carrying across its meaning, we are creating new understandings of it (for example, that hare excrement crottle is different from horse dung doofers) and providing different perspectives through which to view it (that dung can be liquid ujller but also vary in size turdstool). En thorie, la traductologie nexclut pas la traduction intralinguale, mais, dans les faits, les tudes empiriques ou les essais sur ce thme sont peu courantes. This type of translation is often considered the hardest or most comprehensive, as the translator . The content has remained constant both denotatively and connotatively. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation . In the practical and especially the didactic world, a too narrow definition of the field only sets an artificial boundary for translators and the jobs they see themselves as able to carry out. Holmes (1972/2000) encourages us to describe, explain and predict, but to my knowledge the literature does not offer a systematic empirically-based account of intralingual translation, so this is what will be attempted in the following. At the same time, it should be added that though no one can deny that the resemblances are there it is also necessary to focus on the differences, or possible differences, between the two kinds of translation. Holy Bible (1611/1986): Authorised King James version. I do believe, however, that they point in the right direction, but we need much more empirically-based research to provide a thorough and comprehensive description of intralingual translation and of the similarities and differences between intralingual and interlingual translation. It is a difference, but it is perhaps not as monumental as one might think. The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. no longer tolerate incomprehensible expert texts. Complete equivalence as well as absolute synonymy is very rare (if it exists at all) and this fundamental dilemma of interpretation is shared by rewording as well as translation proper (Steiner 1975: 261): What Jakobson calls rewording an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language in fact raises issues of the same order as translation proper (Steiner 1975: 414). This meta-analysis examined the overall effectiveness of subtitles to enhance learners' L2. & Associates, Inc. This is evident, for instance, when looking at the everyday Danish version and the childrens versions and is presumably the driving force in the majority of intralingual translations. Intralingual translation shares with translation proper the idea of changing form but maintaining meaning and the need to adjust to different audiences and expectations. At one point we have a writer in a room, struggling to approximate the impossible vision that hovers over his head. Furthermore, the need for translation within the same language is also indicative of the richness of perspectives, knowledge and cultures that exist within our linguistic traditions (however forgotten). In Week 2, we will explore how translation that crosses over different media changes the relationship between the text and its viewers, turning spectators into translators. To grasp the intralingual translation of the word Ereignis as Heidegger translates this word into the prefix Er- and the construct eignis, we must bear in mind that this translation does not take its orientation from a dictionary. And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered. Turn on JavaScript to exercise your cookie preferences for all non-essential cookies. The numbers refer to the verse numbers. Meta, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, p.795812, Tous droits rservs Les Presses de lUniversit de Montral, 2009. USA: P.S.I. A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. Examples and Observations Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and. In the childrens versions, we see reduction as well as extension, but especially the latter. It is this basic message which is intralingually translated into new versions, irrespective of the element (small or great) of interlingual translation intralingual translation is crucial in each new version. And then, finally, we have the reader. intralingual Definitions (linguistics, translation studies) Contained within the same language; involving a monolingual process adjective (linguistics, translation studies) grammar Contained within the same language; involving a monolingual process grammar intralingual ( not comparable) intralingual ( not comparable) Examples Stem In one of the Bible translations (for very small children), we saw that significant restructuring (i.e., restructuring which transgresses even paragraphs) had taken place to ease comprehension. (Paul Goodman, Five Years: Thoughts During a Useless Time, 1969), "A translated text, whether prose or poetry, fiction or nonfiction, is judged acceptable by most publishers, reviewers, and readers when it reads fluently, when the absence of any linguistic or stylistic peculiarities makes it seem transparent, giving the appearance that it reflects the foreign writer's personality or intention or the essential meaning of the foreign text--the appearance, in other words, that the translation is not, in fact, a translation, but the 'original.' For the sake of comparison, a general description of intralingual translation and its characteristics on the basis of five different Danish versions of a section of the Bible and an analysis of the microstrategies employed in each version are proposed. Three levels of translation: intralingual. The target group is adults who find the authorised version too difficult or stilted. Meaning of intralingual. The only changes are the following: lexical changes consisting of synonymous expressions (all absolute synonyms apart from the diachronic aspect) making the language more contemporary: Old words and expressions replaced by contemporary ones. In his Dictionary of Translation Studies, Shuttleworth (1997: 82) writes that interlingual translation is the only kind of translation which corresponds to what is normally understood by the word translation. (see Shuttleworth 1997: 87-88 and Gambier 1992 for more examples as one of the few, Gambier actually writes about intralingual translation, but though interesting, the article is not based on empirical work and does not compare with interlingual translation). The above constitutes a description of translation which, though not as broad as Steiners all-embracing hermeneutic approach, still sees the phenomenon of translation as much more fundamental to human communication than more traditional translation studies definitions. Some time later we have a translator struggling to approximate the vision, not to mention the particulars of language and voice, of the text that lies before him. As argued above, these activities share family resemblances with translation proper, but is it possible to get closer to a more detailed account of their general characteristics? According to Weissbrod (2004: 24), reflecting the views of Even-Zohar, researchers should deal with all these examples of transfer within one theoretical framework as the mechanism of transfer is largely the same in all instances. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation within a limited area, but to attempt a general characterisation of the phenomenon through the microstrategies used in creating the new versions. Even-Zohar (in Weissbrod 2004: 24) argues that there is no benefit in dealing with one phenomenon (translation) as if it were detached from other phenomena when it is not. And Gambier (1992: 308) takes a similar view: Enfin, il oblige reposer la ncessit prtendue dune thorie de la traduction, autonome, spare de la thorisation des autres processus interactionnels (intralinguistiques).. Ny Testamente p hverdagsdansk (1985/2002): (The New Testament in everyday Danish.) [] and Joseph made a bed for the child in the manger. Halliday and the context of situation: Halliday sees language as a social semiotic, that is a vital part of social life and enables people to exchange meaning and function in the society. Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. Find a translation for the intralingual definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - (Chinese - Simplified) (Chinese - Traditional) Examples An example of Interlingual Translation would be the Bible. . London and Cambridge: The MIT Press. The first is its referential function. For a number of years I have carried out research within medical expert-to-layman communication (in addition to my work within translation proper) and as a translation scholar been intrigued by the many similarities between interlingual and intralingual translation. This suggests that generally the difference in strategies between intralingual and interlingual translation is a question of degree and motivation rather than kind. To this end, five different versions of the same text have been analysed. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Though the Danish 1948 version has not been translated from King James, but from Greek, it reads as an almost direct translation thereof (92 words): Og alle gik hen for at lade sig indskrive, hver til sin by. RIS Which is the main characteristics of Interlingual translation? for at lade sig indskrive tillige med Maria, sin trolovede, som var frugtsommelig. The parameter of time is of course related to the parameters of culture and knowledge, but in this case it is the diachronic factor which results in the lack of knowledge or cultural understanding; this is the reason for the new authorised version from 1992, for example, and is an important element in the everyday version (even in cases where a reader is able to read and understand the old authorised version from 1948, it will take him less time to process the everyday version). Close attention has been paid to the authorised version, no major additions or paraphrasing have taken place, though some explicitation has been made (objective additions). a comparative analysis of strategies in text production. However, in intralingual translation two codes are also involved; not the codes of national languages, but of different genres or target groups. The analyses on which this article is based were carried out on a limited number of texts and the characteristics found cannot necessarily be generalised to all kinds of intralingual translation. The next sections present a closer look at each of the parameters. Even though translation scholars mention and acknowledge Jakobsons other kinds of translation these are often classified as peripheral or de facto considered of no real relevance to the discipline of translation studies. Based on her intralingual translation Eileen Chang later translated this book into English which was unearthed among her papers at the University of Southern California, where she moved to from Shanghai since 1956. Translation studies is engaged in the academic study of translation and it is therefore common that works on translation devote chapters or paragraphs to a definition of translation as a concept. We do have classifications such as Jakobsons, which alert us to the possibility of such things as intersemiotic and intralingual translation, but we do not make any genuine use of such classifications in our research. This chapter describes the broad phenomenon of intralingual translation, better known by such terms as reformulation, rewording, or paraphrasing. Intersemiotic translation - translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example, music or image. do not worry Ms Jones, a stapedectomy is a minor procedure of the middle ear performed in order to improve hearing). As we have seen, it may take the form of considerable reduction of the text by leaving out what is deemed to be superfluous information in order to make the processing of the text easier. Seidelin, Anna Sophie (1973): Hjemmenes Billedbibel (A family picture Bible from 1973). Bibelen (1948): (The 1948 Danish authorised version of the Bible.) If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. Place: 1411, What does intralingual mean? Viborg: Scandinavia. The etymology is from the Latin, translat-"carried across", "To translate, one must have a style of his own, for otherwise, the translation will have no rhythm or nuance, which come from the process of artistically thinking through and molding the sentences; they cannot be reconstituted by piecemeal imitation. Mllehave, Johannes (1991): Alle brns Bibel. An example could be a student who is asked to rewrite an essay and make it more formal, more academic. Nevertheless, conclusive findings have yet to be reached regarding the effectiveness of integrating subtitles into L2 classrooms. Intralingual translation Qubecois - French SL = TL Malay - Indonesian SW = TW Scriptural translation Transliteration Transcription . By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Highly functional translations (which meet skopoi which differ greatly from those of the source texts), localisation, prcis-writing, expert-to-layman communication, etc. There are only two omissions in the text; the name Nazareth and the fact that Joseph and Maria were engaged. How do I view content? Intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of time (diachronic translations) are typically new and more contemporary translations of classical texts (religious texts, literature): Every generation retranslates the classics, out of a vital compulsion for immediacy and precise echo (Steiner 1975: 29-30). Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton - a comparative analysis of strategies in text production In translation studies, a distinction can be made between interlingual translation and intralingual translation, depending on whether translation occurs between two languages or in one language. (Munday, Citation2009:201) The Short Stories of Shakespeare in UK is just an example. EndNote, Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero, ENW At the same time more contemporary words and expressions have replaced older ones (several resembling the changes which were later to be made in the authorised version from 1992), everyday words have replaced more formal language and the syntax has become more straightforward resembling spoken language. Copenhagen: Det Danske Bibelselskab. When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. Intralingual translation has a strong tendency to involve a form of simplification where it becomes the main purpose of the translation, and because of this tendency the micro-strategies applied (additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) (Yang Zijian, Citation2005:62). In some examples, the translation is not idiomatic, but direct, in order to illustrate what has taken place. Chesterman (2018, this issue) notes that 'whether we lump interlingual and intralingual translation together into a single category, or propose a split into two categories, depends entirely on the purpose (s) we envisage for such a categorization'. Multimodal approaches to intersemiotic translation The parameter of culture refers to the need to explain cultural references in a text which time or general background knowledge prevent the target group from understanding even though the languages involved are the same; this is the case in the everyday version and in the childrens versions. In Denmark, and presumably in many other countries, there is an ever-increasing demand that expert knowledge be made accessible to the general public. (*surf) There is no *day on this mail. Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page Syntactical changes making the text more contemporary, 1948 Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra, And because Joseph was of the house and lineage of David, also he went up from [], 1992 Ogs Josef drog op frafordi han var af Davids hus og slaegt, Also Joseph went up from because he was of the house and lineage of David [], 1948 Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And it happened, while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth, 1992 Og mens de var dr, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth. See also Weissbrod (2004: 27) on translation/transfer over time. Newmark, as a case in point, would consider such activities to be what he terms restricted translation falling outside the scope of translation theory proper (Gutt 1991/2000: 394; Newmark 1981: 12). My initial research into the nature of intralingual translation (see Zethsen 2008) made me aware of the fact that since the time of Jakobsons definition, general definitions of translation have become less inclusive. titre de comparaison, il est propos une description gnrale de la traduction interlinguale et de ses caractristiques sur la base de cinq versions danoises diffrentes dune mme section de la Bible et dune analyse des micro-stratgies loeuvre dans chacune de ces versions. Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description. . It is largely used in film, theatre and the visual arts but also in image design and advertising. The word "translation" can be defined as: An individual or a computer program that renders a text into another language is called a translator. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child. A transfer has taken place and the target text has been derived from the source text (resulting in a new product in another language, genre or medium), i.e. In this article, Dr C. Marinetti discusses translation within the same language and between sign systems, and the creative function of translation. This I think is a major setback as there seems to be much to gain theoretically as well as practically by looking for similarities and differences between the various kinds of translational activities carried out. There he was, warm and comfortable like his mother in the stall. On the basis of the case study and assisted by introspection and the more or less stray sentences of the literature referred to above, the main factors that seem to be influential in intralingual translation (and at the same time, the very reasons for the existence of intralingual translation) have been examined. The picture Bible for very small children from 1991 is naturally very different from the 1948 authorised version, but in many ways resembles the family Bible for children from 1973 as regards explanations, explicitations, lexical and syntactical simplification, the addition of pictures as well as textual additions to enhance childrens comprehension of and interest in the text (with one exception though: all additions are factual, i.e., objective). However, there are lots of less obvious examples, especially when it comes to ambiguous or idiomatic sentences, such as sayings, which are often hard to translate This definition is quite clear, but unlike the case of translation proper where numerous efforts are made to further define and exemplify what constitutes translation proper in the real world, it is not possible to find more than stray sentences as regards intralingual translation. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpreta-tion of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. interlingual and intersemiotic. are all part of modern life, of reality. It should be noted though that the general consensus today about the benefits of functional translations in many cases gives room for a much broader perception of what constitutes translation. Intersemiotic translation - translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example, music or image. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. Interlingual translation, or translation proper, is seen naturally enough also by translation scholars as the classic, prototypical kind of translation and many scholars even want to limit research to very restricted definitions of translation proper (Tymoczko 2005: 1096, footnote 3). The target group is adults who prefer a traditional, formal version. The purpose of my study is to gain knowledge about the strategies that are used in text production by professional text producers, on the one hand, and students on the other. theoryabout Correspondence EquivalenceKoller19791 85points out knowledge indicativeofcompetence inthe foreignlanguageand translationinwhichhiscorrespondenceand equivalencecorrespond toSaussure'S langue parolerespectivelyKoller1972hasstatedthatthe equivalenteffectDrinciple translationistending toruleoutall others . 15 slides Approaches of translation Montasser Mahmoud 38.9k views 21 slides Foreignization & domestication abdelbaar 17.2k views 26 slides Types of translation Rita Vazquez Rojas 12.4k views 10 slides Pedagogical stylistics Belachew Weldegebriel 3.8k views 9 slides More Related Content Slideshows for you (20) Methods Of Translation Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. FG (functional grammar) looks at how language works, of great importance is the . An example of Hindi-Urdu scriptural translation is shown in Figure 1. Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and. In addition, this may entail that there is also more room for interpretation, and perhaps even a certain degree of subjectivity, in intralingual translation (the extremely subjective additions in the family Bible would certainly not be deemed acceptable in interlingual translation, but probably not in the majority of intralingual translations either! At the EST 2004 conference in Lisbon (proceedings forthcoming), Denton dealt with intercultural translation in his paper Waterlogged Somewhere in Mid-Atlantic: Why American Readers Need Intralingual Translation but Dont Often Get It. Rollason (2006: 5) refers to Denton who showed that even an English original can encounter communication barriers when crossing the Atlantic and exemplified with: Sue Townsends novel of 1982 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4, a cult best-seller in Britain but far less successful in the US, where its very British cultural codes and slang terms have impeded readers enjoyment, to the point where Denton even suggests the case points up the need for intralingual translation. The 1992 version is allegedly a new translation from Greek, but as mentioned above the translators do of course consult other modern language versions and in this case have leaned heavily on the 1948 version. He finishes it, with misgivings. They are defined by their oppositions to and similarities to multiple other words--in other words, the cultural backdrop." As a result, intralingual translation is provided for kids to have a better understanding of the source texts. Intuitively even laymen would know what a translation is and would probably define it in a way which corresponds to the prototypical translation proper in Jakobsons terminology. Jakobson builds on Pierces theory of signs and meaning and postulates that the meaning of any linguistic sign is its translation into some further, alternative sign (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114). ZethsenUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmarkkkz@asb.dk, An article of the journal Routledge, 1995), "Here, then, is the full process of translation. . The analyses suggest that intralingual translation is generally motivated by one or more of the key parameters; knowledge, time, culture, and space. Furthermore, that word exists within a multidimensional matrix that defines the four salient (for the Tofa people) parameters of reindeer: age, sex, fertility, and rideability. Interlingual translation - translating verbal signs into other signs of a different language. It occurs when some ideas expressed verbally are translated into images and/or movement. The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. Secondly and because of the purpose of simplification, the microstrategies applied in intralingual translation (the additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) Examples. (PDF) INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC. this is a fork, you use it to put food in your mouth) and when we deal with different professionals who often paraphrase bits of their speech for a non-specialist (i.e. A total of 26 experimental studies conducted between 2010 and 2022 were . This strategy is clearly reflected in the translation. Unlike translation proper, intralingual translation is a rewriting or paraphrasing within the same language system. What is Intersemiotic Translation? In order to answer these questions, two experiments will be set up in which professional text producers and students will be asked to translate a scientific text into a popular text.
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